From: Serious Non-AIDS events: Immunopathogenesis and interventional strategies
Potential strategies to reduce SNAEs | Interventions investigated or under evaluation | References |
---|---|---|
Preventing immunodeficiency | Initiate ART prior to advanced immunodeficiency | |
Increasing CD4 T cell recovery | Â | Â |
Cytokine therapy | Subcutaneous IL-2 | [127] |
 | Subcutaneous IL-7 | |
Modulating lymphoid tissue fibrosis | Pirfenidone | Human data pending |
 | Angiotensin receptor antagonist | Human data pending |
 | ACE inhibitor | Human data pending |
Managing co-morbidities | Smoking cessation | |
 | Optimise blood pressure, lipids and diabetic control | |
 | ART switch | |
Reducing chronic antigen stimulation | Â | Â |
Residual viraemia | Raltegravir intensification | |
 | Maraviroc intensification | |
HBV and HCV co-infection | Hepatitis B and C treatment | |
CMV co-infection | Valganciclovir | [178] |
HSV co-infection | Valacyclovir | [179] |
Reducing inflammation | Statins | |
 | COX-2 inhibitors | |
 | Aspirin | [199] |
 | Hydroxychloroquine & Chloroquine | |
 | Leflunomide | [200] |
 | Prednisone | |
Reducing microbial translocation | Â | Â |
Balancing microbiota | Prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic | |
Reducing bacterial/endotoxin load | Rifaximin | Human data pending |
 | Bovine colostrum | [167] |
 | Sevelamer | Human data pending |
Improving mucosal integrity | Lubiprostone | Human data pending |
Reducing inflammation in the gut | Mesalamine | Human data pending |