Table 1 A comparison of the social demographic and clinical characteristics between the cases and the controls at ART initiation of ART

Age

<=5 years

91 (37.9)

174 (37.7)

1.00 (0.81 – 1.24)

0.9643

>5-10 years

61 (25.4)

139 (30.2)

0.85 (0.67 – 1.09)

0.1877

>10 – 18 years

88 (36.7)

148 (32.1)

1.14 (0.92 – 1.41)

0.2252

Gender

Female

109 (45.4)

221 (47.9)

0.93 (0.76 – 1.15)

0.5255

Male

131 (54.6)

240 (52.1)

1.07 (0.87 – 1.31)

0.5255

Next of kin

Parents

162 (67.5)

302 (65.5)

1.06 (0.85 – 1.32)

0.5971

Grandmother

25 (10.4)

81 (17.6)

0.65 (0.46 – 0.93)

0.0121*

Other

53 (22.1)

78 (16.9)

1.23 (0.97 – 1.57)

0.0961

Care taker education level

None

63 (26.5)

101 (22.3)

1.15 (0.92 – 1.45)

0.2262

Primary

76 (31.9)

175 (38.7)

0.82 (0.66 – 1.03)

0.0783

Secondary

58 (24.4)

102 (22.6)

1.07 (0.84 – 1.35)

0.5937

Tertiary (not university)

26 (10.9)

43 (9.5)

1.10 (0.80 – 1.52)

0.5570

University

15 (6.3)

31 (6.9)

0.94 (0.61 – 1.45)

0.7808

Distance from JCRC

≤10 km

104 (44.3)

157 (35.4)

1.27 (1.03 – 1.56)

0.0248*

11 – 20 km

91 (38.7)

194 (43.8)

0.87 (0.70 – 1.08)

0.2032

>20 km

40 (17.0)

92 (20.8)

0.85 (0.64 – 1.12)

0.2411

Past hospitalization

Yes

105 (43.8)

198 (43.2)

1.01 (0.82 – 1.25)

0.8955

No

135 (56.2)

260 (56.8)

0.99 (0.80 – 1.21)

0.8955

Episodes of

No hospitalization

2 (2.0)

3 (1.5)

1.16 (0.39 – 3.44)

>0.999†

hospitalization

1-2 times

68 (66.6)

120 (61.9)

1.15 (0.82 – 1.61)

0.4139

≥ 3 times

32 (31.4)

71 (36.6)

0.86 (0.61 – 1.21)

0.3697

Opportunistic infections

TB

51 (21.3)

90 (19.5)

1.07 (0.84 – 1.37)

0.5883

Oral Candidiasis

39 (16.3)

64 (13.9)

1.13 (0.86 – 1.48)

0.4009

Cryptococcal meningitis

3 (1.3)

2 (0.4)

1.76 (0.85 – 3.63)

0.3448†

Kaposi sarcoma

2 (0.8)

5 (1.1)

0.83 (0.26 – 2.70)

>0.999†

Pneumocystic pneumonia

3 (1.3)

5 (1.1)

1.01 (0.44 – 2.70)

>0.999†

Oesophageal candiasis

1 (0.4)

9 (2.0)

0.29 (0.04 – 1.86)

0.1770†

Chronic diarrhoea

4 (1.7)

18 (3.9)

0.52 (0.21 – 1.28)

0.1165†

Bacterialmeningitis

2 (0.8)

5 (1.1)

0.83 (0.26 – 2.70)

>0.999†

HAART Regimen

EFV

113(49.3)

278 (64.5)

0.67 (0.54 – 0.82)

0.0002*

NVP

116 (50.7)

153 (35.5)

1.49 (1.21 – 1.84)

0.0002*

Prior exposure to sdNVP

Yes

33 (13.8)

45 (9.9)

1.26 (0.95 – 1.67)

0.1253

No

207 (86.2)

410 (90.1)

0.79 (0.60 – 1.05)

0.1253

Adherence

Poor

116 (48.3)

56 (12.2)

2.88 (2.39 – 3.46)

<0.0001*

Good

124 (51.7)

405 (87.8)

0.35 (0.29 – 0.42)

<0.0001*

I

37 (15.4)

65 (14.1)

1.07 (0.81 – 1.42)

0.6389

WHO Stage

II

106 (44.2)

198 (42.9)

1.03 (0.84 – 1.27)

0.7578

III

85 (35.4)

163 (35.4)

1.00 (0.81 – 1.24)

0.9877

IV

12 (5.0)

35 (7.6)

0.73 (0.44 – 1.21)

0.1929