In vivo effect of statins on the expression of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4

Table 4 Expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 in CD3-/CD4+ monocytes

Parameter	Time of treatment	Placebo group (n = 43) (95% CI)	Lovastatin group (n = 41) (95% CI)
% CD3-/CD4+/CXCR4+ monocytes	Baseline	12.0 (3.0 - 23.0)	13.0 (4.0 - 21.0)
	6 months post	14.0 (8.0 - 24.0)	16.5 (5.0 - 29.0)
	12 months post	19.0 (10.5 - 37.5)	24.0 (10.0 - 58.0)
	EAC by treatment	−2.2% (−7.2 to 2.8)
MFI CXCR4 in CD3-/CD4+/CXCR4+ monocytes	Baseline	196.8 (164.1 - 270.6)	192.2 (172.4 - 251.1)
	6 months post	179.7 (28.6 - 236.8)	189.2 (127.1 - 304.9)
	12 months post	149.6 (25.9 - 247.8)	86.2 (26.8 - 184.8)
	EAC by treatment	8.7 units (−25.3 to 42.6)
% CD3-/CD4+/CCR5+ monocytes	Baseline	2.5 (1.0 - 6.0)	2.0 (1.0 - 8.0)
	6 months post	5.9 (1.3 - 16.5)	6.0 (2.3 - 12.2)
	12 months post	6.0 (3.0 - 35.0)	12.0 (6.0 - 33.0)
	EAC by treatment	−0.99% (−5.1 to 3.1)
MFI CCR5 in% CD3-/CD4+/CCR5+ monocytes	Baseline	148.2 (131.7 - 155.9)	146.9 (127.9 - 167.6)
	6 months post	143.9 (38.1 - 168.2)	136.1 (48.9 - 171.0)
	12 months post	104.4 (21.0 - 169.6)	133.9 (33.4 - 164.6)
	EAC by treatment	11.4 units (−28.0 to 50.9)

CXCR4 and CCR5 expression levels were measured by flow cytometry at 0 (baseline) 6 and 12 months post treatment with lovastatin (40 mg/day) or placebo in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients. * EAC, Estimated average changes with (95% CI) using a GEE model as defined in Data Analysis (see Methods); MFI, Mean fluorescence intensity (in relative units).

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